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Physical trauma can effect a wide variety of people in many ways. Physical trauma can occur in the home or outside the home, in the school or on the playground, and can mean any physical injury sustained during a fall or any other activity.

• Common causes of injuries include: drowning, falls, fires or burns, poisoning, suffocation, and transportation-related injuries.

• Falls are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Since falls which lead to head injuries are of greatest concern, our concentration will be on head trauma, what it is and how to prevent it.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI)

• New concussion law Education Code Section 49475
• Education Code 49475 became active on January 1st, 2012.  The role of the athletic trainer regarding concussion management has not changed with this new law.  However, athletes and their parent/guardian must now sign a concussion and head injury information sheet annually prior to the beginning of the season. 

What Is Ketoacidosis?

• Potential life-threatening condition due to buildup of ketones from severe hyperglycemia
• Ketones are substances that are made when the body breaks down fat for energy
• Develops over hours, or even days
• #1 reason for hospitalization for children with diabetes
• Can cause severe dehydration, coma, brain damage, or death

When To Check For Ketones

This last group of symptoms indicate severe hyperglycemia, and probable ketoacidosis.

• Labored breathing
• Profound weakness
• Confusion
• Dry mouth
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Stomach cramps
• Sweet, fruity breath
• Unconscious

These symptoms often happen with high blood sugar and may mean you have diabetic ketoacidosis, which can be a potentially life-threatening condition.

The onset of severe hyperglycemia and progression to DKA is usually pretty slow, so treating symptoms when they are mild is important.

Symptoms of Mild Hyperglycemia:

What is Hyperglycemia?

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Resources

American Diabetes Association
1701 N. Beauregard St.
Alexandria, VA 22311
1-800-DIABETES (800-342-2383)